Sustainable energy supply includes which of the following components?

The correct choice reflects a holistic approach to sustainable energy supply by emphasizing energy efficiency measures and renewable sources. Sustainable energy aims to meet current energy needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs.

Energy efficiency measures involve using technology and practices that consume less energy to provide the same service, thereby reducing overall energy demand and minimizing environmental impact. For example, using energy-efficient appliances or enhancing insulation in buildings helps decrease energy use.

Renewable sources, such as solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal energy, are critical because they are naturally replenished and have a much lower environmental footprint compared to fossil fuels. By utilizing these sources, we can generate energy that is not only sustainable but also reduces greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on finite resources.

In contrast, options involving fossil fuel extraction and exhaustive resource usage contradict the principles of sustainability, as they rely on non-renewable resources that can deplete over time and cause significant environmental harm. Nuclear energy production, while low in carbon emissions, raises concerns regarding waste disposal, safety, and sustainability in terms of resource availability and long-term viability. Thus, the focus on energy efficiency and renewables encapsulates the key principles of sustainable energy supply effectively.