What is the outcome of undernutrition?

Undernutrition occurs when an individual's intake of nutrients is insufficient to meet their daily energy and nutritional needs. This can result in a range of health problems, including stunted growth in children, weakened immune systems, increased susceptibility to infections, and overall poorer physical and mental health. It is characterized by inadequate intake of essential vitamins, minerals, and calories, which can lead to chronic health issues over time.

The other options do not accurately depict the consequences of undernutrition. Excessive weight gain and food waste relate to overconsumption and mismanagement of food resources, while high levels of agricultural productivity are associated with adequate food supply rather than inadequate nutrient intake. Adequate energy levels and immunity directly contradict the effects of undernutrition, as these are usually compromised due to insufficient nutrient intake. Thus, inadequate nutrient intake leading to poor health is the clear outcome of undernutrition.